正确答案: A

正向功能

题目：封建社会的教育目的是培养统治阶层所需要的顺从型人才，有利于巩固并延长封建王朝的统治。这属于教育的( )。

解析：按教育作用的性质划分为正向功能与负向功能。教育的正向功能（积极功能）指教育有助于社会进步和个体发展的积极影响和作用。教育的育人功能、经济功能、政治功能、文化功能等往往是指教育正面的、积极的功能。在实施教育的过程中，要促进教育正向功能的实现，必须充分遵循社会发展和人的发展的客观规律。教育的负向功能（消极功能）指阻碍社会进步和个体发展的消极影响和作用。教育的负向功能是由于教育与政治、经济发展不相适应，教育者的价值观念与思维方式不正确、教育内部结构不合理等因素，使教育在不同程度上对社会和人的发展起阻碍作用。故选择A。C、D选项，按教育功能呈现的形式划分为显性功能与隐性功能。教育的显性功能指教育活动依照教育目的，在实际运行中所出现的与之相吻合的结果。如促进人的全面和谐发展、促进社会进步等，就是显性教育功能的表现。显性功能的主要标志是计划性。教育的隐性功能指伴随显性教育功能所出现的非预期性的功能。显性功能与隐性功能的区分是相对的，一旦隐性的潜在功能被有意识地开发、利用，就可以转变成显性教育功能。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]环境决定论的代表人物是( )。

华生

解析：环境决定论又称外铄论，其基本观点是：人的发展主要依靠外在力量，诸如环境的刺激和要求、他人的影响和学校的教育等。代表人物主要有洛克、华生和斯金纳等。霍尔、格赛尔和彪勒是遗传决定论（内发论）的代表人物。彪勒认为儿童心理的发展过程乃是儿童内部素质向着自己的目的有节奏的运动过程.外界环境在这里只起促进或迟缓这个过程的作用，而不能改变这个过程。

[单选题]大学四、六级英语考试属于一种( )。

绝对评价

解析：绝对评价是在被评价对象的集合之外，确定一个评价的标准，称为客观标准，即将教学评价的基准建立在被评价对象的群体之外（通常是以教学大纲规定的教学目标为依据来制定这一基准），在评价时，把评价对象与这个客观标准进行比较，以是否达到标准作为评价的主要依据。题干中属于绝对评价。

[单选题]下列有关"乐"的古代名句，出自《论语》的是( )

知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者

解析：A项出自《论语·雍也》；B项出自《庄子·秋水》；C项出自《孟子·梁惠王下》；D项出自范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》。

[单选题]21.请阅读Passage 1,完成第1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity:internal and instrumental.If ascientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world,that'san internal motive,since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research.If sheconducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown,that's an instrumental motive,since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent.Often,people have both for doingthings. 　　What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? Youmight suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieverenown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires.Surely twomotives are better than one.But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,instrumental motives are not always an asset andcan actually be counterproductive to success. 　　We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadetsin nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point,all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influencedtheir decision to attend the academy.The motives included things like a desire to get a good job laterin life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army. 　　How did the cadets fare,years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives forattending West Point? 　　We found,unsurprisingly,that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point,themore likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers.Also unsurprisingly,cadetswith internal motives did better in the military (as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after theirfive years ofmandatory service. 　　Remarkably,cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending WestPoint performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weakinstrumental ones.They were less likely to graduate,less outstanding as military officers and lesscommitted to staying in the military. 　　Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives.Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of theirwork,rather than on,say,the financial returns it will bring,may be the best way to improve not onlythe quality oftheir work but also their financial success. 　　There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools areavailable to recruit participants or improve performance.If the desire for military excellence andservice to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs,then perhaps appeals to “moneyfor college,”“career training”or“seeing the world”will do the job.While this strategy may luremore recruits,it may also yield worse soldiers.Similarly,for students uninterested in learning,financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them toparticipate,but it may result in less well-educated students.

According to the passage,which of the following is conducive to career success?

Strong internal and weak instrumental motives.

解析：细节题。根据第六段中的“...cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motivesfor attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong intenal motives but weakinstrumental ones.”可知，拥有较高内部动机和较低功利性动机更有助于事业的成功。故本题选B。