学历考试2022考研历年考试试题汇总(7J)

1. [多选题]抗日战争结束后，中国共产党为避免内战，实现和平建国，采取的主要措施有

A. 参加政协会议^{(political consultative meeting)}并维护政协协议
B. 赴重庆与国民党当局进行谈判
C. 在国统区开辟第二条战线
D. 在解放区开展土地改革运动

2. [多选题]2013年9月29日，中国（上海）自由贸易试验区正式启动运作，36家中外企业和金融机构颁布证照，首批入驻试验区，建设该试验区的主要任务是

A. 促进转变经济增长方式和优化经济结构
B. 推动加快转变政府职能和行政体制改革
C. 为全面深化改革^{(deepen reform all round)}和扩大开放^{(opening expanding)}探索新途径^{(to explore new ways)}、积累新经验
D. 推动构建更加公平合理的市场经济体制

3. [单选题]The White House claims that its power of enforcement

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. outweighs that held by the states.
B. is dependent on the states’ support.
C. is established by federal statutes.
D. rarely goes against state laws.

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