2022学历考试考研模拟试题106

1. [单选题]爱迪生在发明电灯之前做了两千多实验，有个年轻的记者曾经问他为什么遭遇这么多次失败。爱迪生回答：“我一次都没有失败。我发明了电灯。这只是一段经历了两千步的历程。”爱迪生之所以说“我一次都没有失败”，是因为他把每一次实验都看作

A. 认识中所获得的相对真理
B. 整个实践过程中的一部分
C. 对事物规律的正确反映
D. 实践中可以忽略不计的偶然挫折

2. [单选题]文化强则中国强。建设社会主义文化强国是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求，其关键是

A. 增强全民族文化创造活力
B. 发展新型文化业态
C. 提高全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质
D. 提升国家文化软实力

3. [多选题]海的“贯通东流”水系的形成年代。如果说上游的沉积物从青藏高原、四川盆地顺廷而下能到达下游，这就表是胀江贯通了，这就是物源示踪。我国科学家采用这一方法以，研究长江中下游盆地沉积物的来源，从而判别长江上游的物质何时到达下游，间接指示了长江贯通东流的时限。他们经过10多年的研究，提出长江贯通东流的时间距今约2300多万年。这一研究成果从一个侧面显示出

A. 时间和空间是有限的，物质运动是永恒的
B. 时间和空间的通过物质运动的变化表现出来的
C. 时间和空间是指标示物质运动的观念形式
D. 时间和空间是物质运动的存在形式

4. [多选题]应中国总理李克强的邀请，俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格和蒙古国总理阿勒坦呼亚格于2013年10月22日开始分别对中国进行正式访问。来自中国三个陆上邻国的领导人，在同一天开启中国之行，这样密集的双边访问在中国外交史上实属罕见。这一外交动向

A. 体现了中国经济发展的吸引力
B. 深化了中国与俄印蒙三国间的盟友关系
C. 反映了中国周边外交行动的延续和加速
D. 顺应了互利共赢的时代潮流

5. [单选题]一位机械工程专家讲过这样一件事："文革"中，他在某地劳动，有一天公社派他去割羊草。他没养过羊，怎么认得羊草呢?但终于一个办法出来了。他把羊牵出去，看羊吃什么就割什么。不到半天就割回了羊草。这位专家之所以这样做是因为他认识到，"羊吃草"与"割羊草"两者之间存在着（　　）

A. 因果联系
B. 必然联系
C. 主观联系
D. 本质联系

6. [多选题]群众观点是无产阶级政党的根本观点。其基本内容是：一切为了群众一切依靠群众^{(rely on the masses)}。从群众中来^{(from the masses)}，到群众中去。群众路线是无产阶级政党的根本路线。也是党的根本领导方法和工作方法。其哲学依据有

A. 唯物论关于世界统一于物质的原理
B. 辩证法关于对立统一的规律
C. 认识论关于实践——认识——实践的原理
D. 唯物史观关于人民群众是历史创造者的原理

7. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. G

8. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. D

9. [单选题]It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. violated the Constitution.
B. undermined the states’ interests.
C. supported the federal statute.
D. stood in favor of the states.

10. [单选题]What can be learned from the last paragraph?

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
B. Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
C. Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

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